Rare Earth Elements (REE) Supply Chain Compliance

Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of 17 metallic elements (15 lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium) used in permanent magnets, catalysts, phosphors, and other high-technology applications. China dominates global REE production (approximately 60%) and processing (approximately 85%), creating significant supply chain concentration risk.

REEs in Clean Energy

Neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium, and terbium are used in neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets, which are essential for EV motors and wind turbine generators. The EU and US have identified REEs as strategic minerals and are investing in domestic mining and processing capacity to reduce dependence on China.